She lived in a small village, where the entire population was Jewish. Sura Andrezejko Born 1927 in Stawiski, Poland Sura, the youngest daughter of Hershel and Fay Andrezejko, grew up on a farm in rural Poland. Most of the children and their counselors were sent to the Auschwitz death camp on April 15, where they were murdered. On April 6, 1944, when Hans was ten years old, the Nazis raided the home. In November 1942, the Germans occupied all of France. The adults were determined to give their young charges a respite from the stress and danger they had already experienced. The children often went on hikes, picnics, and swimming, while the older children helped out on local farms. At the children's home, Hans lived with over 40 Jewish children and several adult counselors. Hans was sent to a children's home in Izieu, and his brother was placed in a home for teenagers. His mother became ill and was hospitalized. In Marseilles, Hans attended the local public school and soon learned French. When ordered to report for deportation to a "resettlement camp," they fled to Marseilles in unoccupied France. In spring 1941, Hans's mother sold his brother's stamp collection for food. Hans's father, who held a German passport, was arrested and sent to an internment camp in France. Hans attended school and quickly learned Flemish. They received the visas in early 1940, but were put on a waiting list for berths on a ship. After the German annexation of Austria, the Ament family fled to Belgium, where they immediately applied for visas to the United States. The family often spent their summers in the country. He spent a lot of time playing with his older brother, Alfred, who taught him to ride his bicycle and play with a wind-up train. Hans Ament Born Februin Vienna, Austria Hans, the son of a successful manufacturer, was four years old when the Germans annexed Austria. It was overcrowded and lacked adequate food and sanitation.īetween October 20 and November 1, 1942, nearly all of the 20,000 Jews remaining in the ghetto were rounded up by the Germans and murdered. They forced the entire Jewish population, including Emmanuel, his sister Avia and his mother, inside the ghetto. The Germans set up a sealed-off ghetto on April 30, 1942. Ten days later, the Germans executed him. Emmanuel's father was chosen to head the Council, but he resigned within two days, when he realized what would be required of him. The Germans occupied Pinsk in July 1941 and immediately set up a Jewish Council to facilitate their planned murder of the entire Jewish population of the city. The Jews living in Pinsk had little information about what the Germans were doing to the Jews living under their occupation, and they felt relatively secure. Under the Soviet-German Pact, Pinsk was occupied by the Russians in 1939. She taught with her husband at the high school. His mother Shoshana (Barlas) was born in Warsaw and married his father in 1922. His father, David, was a prominent educator, principal in the prestigious Tarbut Gymnasia (a Jewish high school), and active in the Zionist movement. He was sixteen years old.Įmmanuel Alper Born 1927 in Pinsk, Poland Emmanuel was born in Pinsk, Poland in 1927. Natan was shot to death in late 1940 by a German soldier at the ghetto gate. They would smuggle themselves out of the ghetto in order to find food and bring it back to their starving parents, brothers and sisters. Young children often became the sole support of their families. People were shot for the slightest reason. The Germans constantly harassed the Jewish residents of the ghetto, randomly seizing people on the streets, raiding their apartments, and subjecting them to horrendous indignities. Still, the basic appearance of normal inner-city life was maintained. People fell dead in the street from starvation, disease and exposure. There was no heat, little food or medicine, and inadequate sanitation. On May 1, 1940, the overcrowded ghetto was closed off. On February 8, 1940, all the Jews were forced to live in a run-down part of the city. In addition, Jews were barred from most professions, and all Jewish communal institutions were ordered to disband. Jews were forbidden to congregate for religious services, they were subject to curfew, their radios were confiscated, and they were forced to wear the yellow star. Anti-Jewish restrictions were immediately enacted. When the Germans occupied Lodz in September 1939, Natan was a fifteen year-old schoolboy. Its diverse population of Jews, Poles and Germans lived together in relative peace. It was a major center of the textile industry. A large, fairly liberal city, Lodz was home to over 233,000 Jews. He had two sisters and a younger brother. His father owned a haberdashery store, where he sold hats, gloves, and other accessories. Natan Abbe Born 1924 in Lodz, Poland Natan, the son of Carola and Israel Abbe, grew up in Lodz, Poland.
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